http://www.wordle.net/show/wrdl/1422650/Black_Seminoles
Monday, December 7, 2009
Friday, December 4, 2009
RJA #14: Annotated Bibliography, Part 2
Batty, Peter. (1987. The Divided Union: The Story of the Great American War, 1861 -1865.Topsfield, MA: Salem House Publishers.
This book is the companion to the television series of the same name. It provides a history of the Civil War along with its attendant political, economic and social implications.
Blight, D. W. (2001). Race and Reunion: The Civil War In American Memory. Cambridge: The Belknap Press of Harvard University Press.
This reveals the complicated exchange between North and South following the Civil War to both forget and rebuild. It exposes how the rift between both sides was closed by an unspoken mutual agreement and acceptance of racially charged segregationist agenda and the aftermath of such an alliance on the country as a whole.
This source provided the ground for the aspect of the argument that historical accuracy, or inaccuracy, determines present perceptions and impacts all social, cultural and political interactions in America.
Buckmaster, H. (1992). Let My People Go. Columbia, S.C.: University of South
Carolina.
Buckmaster emphasizes African and African Americans’ active resistance efforts which ultimately garnered their emancipation and prominent figures within the Abolitionist movement. An Afrocentric view, it cites numerous accounts of justified rebellion and acts of defiance to captivity. Further, it repudiates the stereotype of the meek, obedient slave or white supremacist attitude that renders Black inferior in intelligence or lacking in skills of critical reasoning which would render them incapable of planning of sustaining active resistance, much less ultimately achieving their freedom.
Covington, James W. (1992). The Seminoles of Florida. Gainesville: University Press of Florida.
This text is a comprehensive guide to the Seminoles of Florida. It explains the history of the tribe, including its break with the Creeks and its multi- ethnic make-up. This book was used to highlight aspects of Seminole culture as it relates to the Black Seminoles.
Ellison, M. (1983). Black Perceptions and Red Images: Indian and Black Literary Links. Phylon, Vol. 44, No. 1, 1st Qtr. , 44 - 55.
This article provides a literary analysis of Black and Indigenous peoples’ relationships. It outlines the history of relational dynamics between Black and Indigenous peoples through commonality in oral traditions and looks at folk heroes, particularly the trickster and other archetypes of both groups. Both African and Indigenous Americans, joined in opposition to a common oppressor, it seems, possess a natural affinity for each other. The relationship, when viewed with accuracy, reveals a complex set of dynamics rife with ambiguity and mutual admiration.
This source was used to strengthen the aspect of the argument which focuses on cooperation between African captives and Indigenous Americans.
Tucker, P. T. (Spring, 1992). John Horse: Forgotten African-American Leader of the Second Seminole War. The Journal of Negro History, Vol. 77, No. 2 , 74-83.
This article outlines the military exploits of Black Seminole, John Horse during the course of the Second Seminole War. It demonstrates his brilliance as a military strategist and commitment to opposing enslavement by any necessary means. This article was used to support the argument that the Seminole Wars are primarily African/African-American campaigns.
This book is the companion to the television series of the same name. It provides a history of the Civil War along with its attendant political, economic and social implications.
Blight, D. W. (2001). Race and Reunion: The Civil War In American Memory. Cambridge: The Belknap Press of Harvard University Press.
This reveals the complicated exchange between North and South following the Civil War to both forget and rebuild. It exposes how the rift between both sides was closed by an unspoken mutual agreement and acceptance of racially charged segregationist agenda and the aftermath of such an alliance on the country as a whole.
This source provided the ground for the aspect of the argument that historical accuracy, or inaccuracy, determines present perceptions and impacts all social, cultural and political interactions in America.
Buckmaster, H. (1992). Let My People Go. Columbia, S.C.: University of South
Carolina.
Buckmaster emphasizes African and African Americans’ active resistance efforts which ultimately garnered their emancipation and prominent figures within the Abolitionist movement. An Afrocentric view, it cites numerous accounts of justified rebellion and acts of defiance to captivity. Further, it repudiates the stereotype of the meek, obedient slave or white supremacist attitude that renders Black inferior in intelligence or lacking in skills of critical reasoning which would render them incapable of planning of sustaining active resistance, much less ultimately achieving their freedom.
Covington, James W. (1992). The Seminoles of Florida. Gainesville: University Press of Florida.
This text is a comprehensive guide to the Seminoles of Florida. It explains the history of the tribe, including its break with the Creeks and its multi- ethnic make-up. This book was used to highlight aspects of Seminole culture as it relates to the Black Seminoles.
Ellison, M. (1983). Black Perceptions and Red Images: Indian and Black Literary Links. Phylon, Vol. 44, No. 1, 1st Qtr. , 44 - 55.
This article provides a literary analysis of Black and Indigenous peoples’ relationships. It outlines the history of relational dynamics between Black and Indigenous peoples through commonality in oral traditions and looks at folk heroes, particularly the trickster and other archetypes of both groups. Both African and Indigenous Americans, joined in opposition to a common oppressor, it seems, possess a natural affinity for each other. The relationship, when viewed with accuracy, reveals a complex set of dynamics rife with ambiguity and mutual admiration.
This source was used to strengthen the aspect of the argument which focuses on cooperation between African captives and Indigenous Americans.
Tucker, P. T. (Spring, 1992). John Horse: Forgotten African-American Leader of the Second Seminole War. The Journal of Negro History, Vol. 77, No. 2 , 74-83.
This article outlines the military exploits of Black Seminole, John Horse during the course of the Second Seminole War. It demonstrates his brilliance as a military strategist and commitment to opposing enslavement by any necessary means. This article was used to support the argument that the Seminole Wars are primarily African/African-American campaigns.
Monday, November 16, 2009
RJA #13b: Annotated Bibliography, Part 1
Dr. Kly proposes closer scrutiny historical accounts of the events prior to and during the civil war which traditionally have excluded or minimized the participation of African Americans in the push for their own freedom. He proposes that between 1739 , the date of the Stono Rebellion in South Carolina, and 1858, the closing of the Third Seminole War fought in Florida, that the Gullah/ Geechee peoples, of whom the Black Seminole are a part of, organized slave uprisings, waged warfare and engaged in ongoing resistance to slavery. In it he provides recorded documentation, such as military correspondence and records of historical events which defy the view that African chattel slaves as a group displayed minimal resistance to their forced immigration and captivity.
Bird, J.B. Buried History: 1838 – Present. Rebellion: John Horse and the Black
Seminoles, The First Black Rebels to Beat American Slavery. June 5, 2005. www.johnhorse,com
In this article, Bird raises the question about why historian, both black and white, have overlooked the single largest Black slave rebellion on American land. He holds it is easy to understand Southerners’ need to conceal defeat at the hand of Black Seminoles, yet it is difficult to imagine why Black scholars continue to uphold the suppression of this history.
Periodical Articles
Weik,Terrance M. The Role of Ethnogenesis and Organization in the Development of African-Native American Settlements: an African Seminole Model. International Journal of Historical Archeology, Volume 13, Number 2/ June, 2009, Pages 206-238.
This article is an archeological study which examines the community structure and everyday life of Pilaklikaha, a nineteenth century Seminole community which existed in present day Florida. Its credibility can be attributed to its appearance in a professional academic archeological publication.
Klos, George. Blacks and the Seminole Removal Debate, 1821-1835. The Florida Historical Quarterly, Volume 68, Number 1 /July, 1989, Pages 55-78.
Published by: Florida Historical Society. Stable URL: http://www.jstor.org/stable/30148038
This article examines pre-Civil War, Spanish Florida's African-Native American relationships.
Bird, J.B. Buried History: 1838 – Present. Rebellion: John Horse and the Black
Seminoles, The First Black Rebels to Beat American Slavery. June 5, 2005. www.johnhorse,com
In this article, Bird raises the question about why historian, both black and white, have overlooked the single largest Black slave rebellion on American land. He holds it is easy to understand Southerners’ need to conceal defeat at the hand of Black Seminoles, yet it is difficult to imagine why Black scholars continue to uphold the suppression of this history.
Periodical Articles
Weik,Terrance M. The Role of Ethnogenesis and Organization in the Development of African-Native American Settlements: an African Seminole Model. International Journal of Historical Archeology, Volume 13, Number 2/ June, 2009, Pages 206-238.
This article is an archeological study which examines the community structure and everyday life of Pilaklikaha, a nineteenth century Seminole community which existed in present day Florida. Its credibility can be attributed to its appearance in a professional academic archeological publication.
Klos, George. Blacks and the Seminole Removal Debate, 1821-1835. The Florida Historical Quarterly, Volume 68, Number 1 /July, 1989, Pages 55-78.
Published by: Florida Historical Society. Stable URL: http://www.jstor.org/stable/30148038
This article examines pre-Civil War, Spanish Florida's African-Native American relationships.
RJA #13a: Field Research Report
I just returned from a trip to the Sea Islands off the coast of Georgia and South Carolina to experience Gullah/Geechee culture. The Black Seminoles, an offshoot of Gullah/Geechee peoples, escaped slavery via the 'Second Underground Railroad' which led southward into Florida. I had the opportunity to visit several battle sites on four islands, one of which was Bloody Marsh on St. Simons where converged several competing factions for control. One of the tour guides, historian and former attorney, Jamal Toure, spoke specifically about the Black Seminoles, the misrepresentation of the group as solely Indian and their suitability for guerilla warfare in the Florida swamps. Their resistance ultimately garnered them their freedom.
RJA #12b: Presentation Plan
In my presentation I will outline the significant points of my findings and attempt to tie it all together to show that my essay will in fact do what is promises to do.
Historical Context: American chattel slavery system
The misrepresentation of African-Americans as docile, compliant, content slaves.
Introduce the Black Seminoles:
Not purely indigenous peoples
War: The Civil War and guerilla warfare waged against re-enslavement.
Emancipation
Why the story is not being told
Disservice to American democracy
Historical Context: American chattel slavery system
The misrepresentation of African-Americans as docile, compliant, content slaves.
Introduce the Black Seminoles:
Not purely indigenous peoples
War: The Civil War and guerilla warfare waged against re-enslavement.
Emancipation
Why the story is not being told
Disservice to American democracy
RJA #12a: Progress Report
I've gathered quite a bit of information and have quite a number of sources that center on the Black Seminoles and the Civil War. The bibliography pages of most of the books and articles I've collected have provided more information than I'll ever use in this essay, but I'll definitely archive my findings for future use. I am presently sifting through all of this to make my argument as strong as possible with supporting references.
As is always the case, I am not completely clear on what I really want to say, or my point doesn't begin to take shape until I start putting pen to paper (or fingers to keyboard, as it were). I find outlines confining, an exercise in frustration, and I have great difficulty in generating them. Consequently, I'm still struggling with that portion of this assignment. I'm starting to realize that I may want to argue less for the significance of the story of the Black Seminoles and leaning more towards showing how inaccuracy and exclusion of their and other African-American contribution to American history discourse is a disservice to American democracy.
As is always the case, I am not completely clear on what I really want to say, or my point doesn't begin to take shape until I start putting pen to paper (or fingers to keyboard, as it were). I find outlines confining, an exercise in frustration, and I have great difficulty in generating them. Consequently, I'm still struggling with that portion of this assignment. I'm starting to realize that I may want to argue less for the significance of the story of the Black Seminoles and leaning more towards showing how inaccuracy and exclusion of their and other African-American contribution to American history discourse is a disservice to American democracy.
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